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Metrorail accident, Washington, D.C., 2009

An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects. It implies a generally negative outcome which may have been avoided or prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.

Experts in the field of injury prevention avoid use of the term 'accident' to describe events that cause injury in an attempt to highlight the predictable and preventable nature of most injuries. Such incidents are viewed from the perspective of epidemiology - predictable and preventable. Preferred words are more descriptive of the event itself, rather than of its unintended nature (e.g., collision, drowning, fall, etc.)

Accidents of particularly common types (auto, fire, etc.) are investigated to identify how to avoid them in the future. This is sometimes called root cause analysis, but does not generally apply to accidents that cannot be deterministically predicted. A root cause of an uncommon and purely random accident may never be identified, and thus future similar accidents remain "accidental."

[edit] Definition

Narrowly defined, the designation may refer only to the event, while not including the circumstances (facts surrounding) or results of the event; i.e., 'accident' is constrained to an immediate incident, the occurrence of which results in an unplanned outcome. In common use, however, 'accident' may include the entire interacting circumstantial framework (chance, pre-existing, or uncontrolled dynamically developing conditions; commonplace actions; random time and place; participants; etc.) leading up to, including, and resulting from, the accident's immediate occurrence.

[edit] Types

[edit] Physical and non-physical

Physical examples include, e.g., unintended collisions or falls, being injured by touching something sharp, hot, or electrical, or ingesting poison. Non-physical examples are, e.g., unintentionally revealing a secret or otherwise saying something incorrectly, forgetting an appointment, etc.

[edit] By activity

• Accidents during the execution of work or arising out of it are called work accidents.
• In contrast, leisure-related accidents are mainly sports injuries.

[edit] By vehicle

• Bike accident
• Tram accident
• Traffic collision
• Sailing ship accidents

[edit] Most common causes

Incidence of accidents, sorted by activity.

For physical traumas or injuries leading to hospital discharge, most common causes are traffic accidents and falls

[edit] See also

• Injury
• Accident-proneness
• Air safety
  • Aviation accidents and incidents
• Aisles: Safety and regulatory considerations
• Bike
  • Bicycle safety
• Car
  • Automobile safety
  • Traffic collision
• Explosives safety
• List of rail accidents:

• Rail accidents pre-1950
• Rail accidents 1950'1999
• Rail accidents 2000'2009
• List of train accidents by death toll

• Nuclear and radiation accidents
• Risk management
• Sailing ship
  • Sailing ship accidents
• Safety
• Safety engineering
  • Fail-safe
  • Poka-yoke
• Human error model
• Tram accident
• Workplace safety
  • Material safety data sheet
  • Personal protective equipment
  • Occupational safety and health
  • Criticality accident
• Accident analysis

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Accidents