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White nationalism is a political ideology which advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people, as opposed to multiculturalism, and a separate all-white nation state. White separatism and white supremacism are subgroups within white nationalism.^[1] The former seek a separate white nation state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism and National Socialism to their ideology.^[1] The vast majority of white nationalists are separatists, and only a smaller number are supremacists.^[1] Both schools of thought generally avoid the term supremacy, saying it has negative connotations.^[2]

The contemporary white nationalist movement in the United States could be regarded as a reaction to what is perceived as a decline in white demographics, politics and culture.^[3] According to Samuel P. Huntington, the contemporary white nationalist movement is increasingly cultured, intellectual and academically trained.^[4] Some have suggested that rather than espousing violence, White Nationalists use statistics and social science data to argue for a self-conscious white identity.^[5] By challenging established policy on immigration, civil rights and racial integration, they seek to build bridges with moderately conservative white citizens.^[6]

[edit] Views

White nationalists argue that every nationality feels a natural affection for its own kind.^[7] They advocate racial self-preservation and claim that culture is a product of race.^[4] White nationalists argue that a natural hierarchy should triumph over the "false promise of egalitarianism",^[8] and that the downfall of white dominance spells doom for representative government, the rule of law and freedom of speech.^[9]

According to white nationalist Samuel T. Francis, it is "a movement that rejects equality as an ideal and insists on an enduring core of human nature transmitted by heredity."^[8] Jared Taylor, another notable white nationalist, claims that similar racial views were held by many mainstream American leaders before the 1950s.^[8] According to Huntington, white nationalists argue that the demographic shift in the US towards non-whites brings a new culture that is intellectually and morally inferior.^[4] They argue that with this demographic shift comes affirmative action, immigrant ghettos and declining educational standards.^[5] Most American white nationalists say immigration should be restricted to selected people of European ancestry.^[10]

[edit] Definitions of whiteness

Most white nationalists define white people in a restricted way. In the United States, it sometimes implies European ancestry of non-Jewish descent. White nationalists draw primarily on 19th-century racial taxonomy, which neither reached a consensus on racial categories nor is accepted by contemporary geneticists.^[11]

Different racial theories, such as Nordicism and Germanism, define different groups as white, both excluding some southern and eastern Europeans because of a perceived racial taint.^[12] Pan-Aryanism defines whites as individuals native to Europe, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, the Middle East and Central/West Asia who are wholly of Caucasoid descent or are overwhelmingly from the following Caucasoid subraces, or any combination thereof: Indo-European ("Aryan")(including the Iranian peoples but not the Indo-Aryans), Old European (e.g. Basque), Ural Altaic Caucasoid (e.g. Finns), or Hamitic (in modern times basically confined to Berbers). Other white nationalists use the term Pan-Europeanism to include all European ethnic groups.

Some white nationalists, such as American author and writer Jared Taylor of the magazine American Renaissance, have argued that Jews can be considered as "white".^[13]

[edit] History

According to one view, white nationalism is a product of the modern centralized state's emergence in the West, like all nationalisms.^[14] The term originated as a self-description by some groups, primarily in the United States, to describe their belief in a racially defined collective identity of white people.

In the 19th and early 20th century, racial definitions of the American nation were common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act. The 1915 film Birth of a Nation is an example of an allegorical invocation of white nationalism during this time.^[7] The White Australia ideal was semi-official policy in Australia until 1975, while in South Africa, white nationalism was championed by the National Party^[15] starting in 1948, as the struggle over apartheid heated up.^[16]

Starting in the 1960s, white nationalism grew in the United States as the conservative movement developed in mainstream society.^[17] Samuel Huntington argues that it developed as a reaction to a perceived decline in the essence of American identity as European, Anglo-Protestant and English-speaking.^[18] The slogan "white power" was coined by American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell, who used the term in a debate with Stokely Carmichael of the Black Panther Party, after Carmichael issued a call for "black power".^{[citation needed]}

In recent years, the Internet has provided an expansion of audiences for white nationalism.^[19]

[edit] Criticism

Anti-racist organizations generally have argued that ideas such as white pride and white nationalism exist merely to provide a sanitized public face for white supremacy.^[20] They claim that the unstated goal of white nationalism is to appeal to a larger audience, and that most white nationalist groups promote white separatism and racial violence.^[21] Opponents accuse white nationalists of hatred, racial bigotry and destructive identity politics.^[3][22] White nationalist groups have a history of perpetrating hate crimes, particularly against people of Jewish or African descent.^[23] Examples include the lynching of black people by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), as well as the violent depictions of ethnic cleansing in the novel, The Turner Diaries, which influenced numerous individuals to carry out acts of violence.^[24]

Some critics argue that white nationalists ' while posturing as civil rights groups advocating the interests of their racial group ' frequently draw on the nativist traditions of the KKK and the British National Front.^[25] Critics have noted the anti-semitic rhetoric used by white nationalists, as highlighted by the promotion of conspiracy theories such as Zionist Occupation Government.^[26] Kofi Buenor Hadjor argues that black nationalism is a response to white nationalism, while white nationalism is the expression of white supremacy.^[27]

[edit] Notable organizations

• American Third Position Party
• Aryan Guard
• Aryan Nations
• British National Front
• British National Party
• British People's Party^{[disambiguation needed]}
• Canadian Heritage Alliance
• Creativity Alliance
• Creativity Movement
• Council of Conservative Citizens^[28][29]
• Danish Front
• Dutch Peoples-Union
• European-American Unity and Rights Organization
• European Americans United
• Finnish People's Blue-whites
• Heathen Front
• Heritage Connection
• National Alliance (Netherlands)
• National Alliance (United States)^[30][31]
• National Democratic Party of Germany
• National Socialist Movement^{[disambiguation needed]}
• National Vanguard^[32]
• Nationalist Alliance
• Nationalist Party of Canada
• Patriotic Youth League
• People's Front
• Slavonic Union
• Swedish Resistance Movement
• Vigrid
• Volksfront
• White Aryan Resistance
• White Nationalist Party

[edit] Notable individuals

• Don Black
• Craig Cobb
• Ian Stuart Donaldson
• David Duke
• Thomas Robb
• Matthew F. Hale
• Seppo Lehto
• Alex Linder
• Olavi Mäenpää
• Tom Metzger
• Edgar Steele
• Kevin Alfred Strom
• Jared Taylor
• Eugène Terre'Blanche

[edit] Notable media

• American Renaissance^[33]
• Info-14
• Metapedia
• National Vanguard (publication)
• Occidental Observer
• Podblanc
• The Political Cesspool
• Stormfront (website)
• Vanguard News Network

[edit] See also

• Ethnic nationalism
• Know Nothing
• The Passing of the Great Race
• List of white nationalist organizations

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Josey, Charles Conant (1983 [1923]). The Philosophy of Nationalism. Washington, DC: Cliveden Press. ISBN 1-87846-510-4. 
• Levin, Michael E. (1997). Why Race Matters: Race Differences and What They Mean. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-27595-789-6. 
• McDaniel, George (ed.) (2003). A Race Against Time: Racial Heresies for the 21st Century. Oakton, VA: New Century Foundation. 
• Ankerl, Guy (2000). Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations,. Geneva, INUPRESS. pp. 150'156. ISBN 0-96563-832-4. 
• Robertson, Wilmot (1981). The Dispossessed Majority. Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen. ISBN 0-91457-615-1. 
• Robertson, Wilmot (1993). The Ethnostate. Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen. ISBN 0-91457-622-4. 
• Swain, Carol M. (2003). Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 312 pages. ISBN 0-52101-693-2. 

v ' d ' e White nationalism Foundations and related topics Nazism and neo-Nazism – Nationalism – National Socialism – National-Anarchism – White separatism – Fourteen Words – White pride and White power – Aryan race – White power skinhead – Paleoconservatism – Eugenics – Anti-Semitism – Anti-Arabism – Islamophobia – Antiziganism – Hispanophobia – Ku Klux Klan – Christian Identity – Zionist Occupation Government – Far-right and neo-fascism – Third Position – Wotanism Individuals David Duke – Don Black – Paul Fromm – Kevin Alfred Strom – Jared Taylor – Robert Jay Matthews – Virginia Abernethy – David Lane – William Luther Pierce – Francis Parker Yockey – Matt Hale – Richard Barrett – Willis Carto – Revilo P. Oliver – Samuel T. Francis – Gordon Lee Baum – Edgar J. Steele – Hal Turner – Kevin Lamb – Prussian Blue – Alex Linder – Erich Gliebe – Shaun Walker – Tom Metzger – Seppo Lehto – Olavi Mäenpää – James Edwards – Merlin Miller – Craig Cobb – Bill White – Ian Davison – Ryan Murdough – Fjordman – Eugene Terre'Blanche Organizations National Alliance – National Vanguard – Council of Conservative Citizens – Nationalist Movement – European Americans United – Creativity Movement – Liberty Lobby – The Order – Aryan Nations – White Revolution – Heritage Front – White Aryan Resistance – European-American Unity and Rights Organization – Hammerskins – Swedish Resistance Movement – Finnish People's Blue-whites – Redneck Shop – American Third Position Party – List of white nationalist organizations Media American Renaissance – Derek Black Show – Metapedia – Redwatch – Stormfront – The Occidental Quarterly – The Political Cesspool – Occidental Observer – National Vanguard Opposition Anti-racism – Black nationalism – Anti-Defamation League – Southern Poverty Law Center – Searchlight – Jewish Defense League – American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee See also Arab nationalism - Black nationalism - Chicano nationalism - Chinese nationalism - Indian nationalism